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+---
+name: remotion-markup
+description: Content, animation and effects best practices
+metadata:
+  tags: remotion, react, markup
+---
+
+This is guidance for writing Remotion React Markup.
+If this is not relevant, load [Remotion Best Practices](../SKILL.md) instead.
+
+## General rules
+
+Animate properties using `useCurrentFrame()` and `interpolate()`.
+
+Use `Easing.bezier()` to customize timing, including jumpy or overshooting motion.
+Use `Easing.spring()` if you want spring animations.
+
+Structure your markup according to [Remotion Interactivity Best Practices](../remotion-interactivity/REFERENCE.md)
+
+```tsx
+import { useCurrentFrame, Easing, interpolate, Interactive } from "remotion";
+
+export const FadeIn = () => {
+  const frame = useCurrentFrame();
+
+  return (
+    <Interactive.Div
+      name="Title"
+      style={{
+        opacity: interpolate(frame, [0, 60], [0, 1], {
+          extrapolateRight: "clamp",
+          extrapolateLeft: "clamp",
+          easing: Easing.bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1),
+        }),
+      }}
+    >
+      Hello World!
+    </Interactive.Div>
+  );
+};
+```
+
+Keep the `interpolate()` call inline in the `style` prop.
+Prefer `scale`, `translate`, `rotate` CSS properties over `transform`.
+
+```tsx
+// 👍 Inline editable keyframes and transform shorthands
+style={{
+  scale: interpolate(frame, [0, 100], [0, 1], {
+    extrapolateLeft: 'clamp',
+    extrapolateRight: 'clamp',
+    easing: Easing.spring({damping: 200}),
+    output: 'perceptual-scale' // For `scale` animations, use "output: 'perceptual-scale'"
+  }),
+  translate: interpolate(frame, [0, 100], ["0px 0px", "100px 100px"], {
+    extrapolateLeft: 'clamp',
+    extrapolateRight: 'clamp',
+    easing: Easing.spring({damping: 200}),
+  }),
+  rotate: interpolate(frame, [0, 100], ["20deg", "90deg"], {
+    extrapolateLeft: 'clamp',
+    extrapolateRight: 'clamp',
+    easing: Easing.spring({damping: 200}),
+  }),
+}}
+
+// 👎 Hidden values and transform strings become harder to edit in Studio
+const scale = interpolate(frame, [0, 100], [0, 1]);
+
+style={{
+  transform: `scale(${scale})`,
+}}
+```
+
+CSS transitions or animations are FORBIDDEN - they will not render correctly.  
+Tailwind animation class names are FORBIDDEN - they will not render correctly.
+
+Place assets in the `public/` folder at your project root.
+
+Use `staticFile()` to reference files from the `public/` folder.
+
+Add video and audio using `@remotion/media`.  
+Add images using the `<CanvasImage>` component.
+Use `staticFile()` for files in `public/` or pass a remote URL directly:
+
+```tsx
+import { Audio, Video } from "@remotion/media";
+import { staticFile, CanvasImage } from "remotion";
+
+export const MyComposition = () => {
+  return (
+    <>
+      <Video src={staticFile("video.mp4")} style={{ opacity: 0.5 }} />
+      <Audio src={staticFile("audio.mp3")} />
+      <CanvasImage src={staticFile("logo.png")} style={{ width: 100, height: 100 }} />
+      <Video src="https://remotion.media/video.mp4" />
+    </>
+  );
+};
+```
+
+## Cropping
+
+See [cropping.md](cropping.md) for supported components, crop props, Studio
+controls, animation, and custom component support.
+
+To delay content wrap it in `<Sequence>` and use `from`.
+To limit the duration of an element, use `durationInFrames` of `<Sequence>`.
+`<Sequence>` by default is an absolute fill covering the scene.  
+For inline content, use `layout="none"`.
+
+```tsx
+const Main = () => {
+  const {fps} = useVideoConfig();
+
+  return (
+    <AbsoluteFill>
+      <Background />
+      <AbsoluteFill>
+        <Sequence name="Title" from={30} durationInFrames={60} layout="none">
+          <Title />
+        </Sequence>
+        <Sequence name="Subtitle" from={60} durationInFrames={60} layout="none">
+          <Subtitle />
+        </Sequence>
+      </AbsoluteFill>
+    </AbsoluteFill>
+  );
+}
+
+export const Title = () => {
+  const frame = useCurrentFrame();
+
+  return (
+    <Interactive.Div
+      name="Label"
+      style={{
+        opacity: interpolate(frame, [0, 60], [0, 1], {
+          extrapolateRight: "clamp",
+          extrapolateLeft: "clamp",
+          easing: Easing.bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1),
+        }),
+        fontSize: 88
+      }}
+    >
+      Title
+    </Interactive.Div>
+  );
+};
+
+export const Subtitle = () => {
+  const frame = useCurrentFrame();
+
+  return (
+    <Interactive.Div
+      name="Subtitle"
+      style={{
+        opacity: interpolate(frame, [0, 60], [0, 1], {
+          extrapolateRight: "clamp",
+          extrapolateLeft: "clamp",
+          easing: Easing.bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1),
+        }),
+        fontSize: 32
+      }}
+    >
+      Subtitle
+    </Interactive.Div>
+  );
+};
+```
+
+## Maps
+
+See [Remotion Maps](remotion-maps/REFERENCE.md) for choosing a map technique.
+
+## Text highlights and annotations
+
+See [text-highlights.md](text-highlights.md) for text highlights (highlight markers), circles, underlines, strike-throughs, crossed-off text, boxes, and brackets.
+
+## Voiceover
+
+See [voiceover.md](voiceover.md) for adding AI-generated voiceover to Remotion compositions using ElevenLabs TTS.
+
+## Trimming
+
+See [trimming.md](trimming.md) for trimming patterns - cutting the beginning or end of animations.
+
+## Embedding Videos
+
+See [embedding-videos.md](embedding-videos.md) for advanced knowledge about embedding videos - trimming, volume, speed, looping, pitch.
+
+## Video editing
+
+See [video-editing.md](video-editing.md) for structuring editable video timelines in Remotion Studio.
+
+## Embedding Audio
+
+See [audio.md](audio.md) for advanced audio features like trimming, volume, speed, pitch.
+
+## Transitions
+
+See [transitions.md](transitions.md) for scene transition patterns.
+
+## Visual and pixel effects
+
+When creating a visual effect, consider whether it is feasible using CSS and HTML, or whether a shader is needed. Order or preference:
+
+1. Normal Remotion/HTML/CSS/SVG/filter/blend/mask animation
+2. An effect applied to the element directly (`<Video>`, `<Img>`), or by wrapping the content in [`<HtmlInCanvas>`](html-in-canvas.md), which also accepts `effects`:
+
+- A listed effect via [effects.md](effects.md)
+- A custom `createEffect()` via [effects.md](effects.md) when no preset is available.
+
+## 3D content
+
+See [3d.md](3d.md) for 3D content in Remotion using Three.js and React Three Fiber.
+
+## Sound effects
+
+When needing to use sound effects, load the [./sfx.md](./sfx.md) file for more information.
+
+## Audio visualization
+
+When needing to visualize audio (spectrum bars, waveforms, bass-reactive effects), load the [./audio-visualization.md](./audio-visualization.md) file for more information.
+
+## Maps
+
+For static maps, animated routes and markers, geographic explainers, Mapbox, MapLibre, MapTiler, GeoJSON, or 3D geographic flyovers, load [Remotion Maps](remotion-maps/REFERENCE.md).
+
+## Captions
+
+When dealing with captions or subtitles, load the [Remotion Captions](../remotion-captions/REFERENCE.md) skill for more information.
+
+## Google Fonts
+
+Is the recommended way to load fonts in Remotion. See [google-fonts.md](google-fonts.md) for how to load Google Fonts.
+
+## Local fonts
+
+See [local-fonts.md](local-fonts.md) for how to load local fonts.
+
+## GIFs
+
+See [gifs.md](gifs.md) for how to display GIFs synchronized with Remotion's timeline.
+
+## Advanced Images
+
+See [images.md](images.md) for sizing and positioning images, dynamic image paths, and getting image dimensions.
+
+## Lottie animations
+
+See [lottie.md](lottie.md) for embedding Lottie animations in Remotion.
+
+## Advanced timing
+
+See [timing.md](timing.md) for advanced timing with `interpolate` and Bézier easing, and springs.
+
+## Parameterized videos
+
+See [parameters.md](parameters.md) for making a composition parametrizable by adding a Zod schema.
+
+## Measuring DOM nodes
+
+See [measuring-dom-nodes.md](measuring-dom-nodes.md) for measuring DOM element dimensions in Remotion.
+
+## Measuring text
+
+See [measuring-text.md](measuring-text.md) for measuring text dimensions, fitting text to containers, and checking overflow.
+
+## Using FFmpeg
+
+For some video operations, such as trimming videos or detecting silence, FFmpeg should be used. Load the [./ffmpeg.md](./ffmpeg.md) file for more information.
+
+## Silence detection
+
+When needing to detect and trim silent segments from video or audio files, load the [./silence-detection.md](./silence-detection.md) file.
+
+## Dynamic duration, dimensions and data
+
+See [calculate-metadata.md](calculate-metadata.md) for dynamically set composition duration, dimensions, and props.
+
+## Advanced compositions
+
+See [compositions.md](compositions.md) for how to define stills, folders, default props and for how to nest compositions.
+
+## Advanced sequencing
+
+See [sequencing.md](sequencing.md) for more sequencing patterns - delay, trim, limit duration of items.
+
+## Install modules
+
+Use `npx remotion add` to add new packages with the right version:
+
+```
+npx remotion add @remotion/media
+```
+
+This goes for `@remotion/*` packages, `mediabunny`, `@mediabunny/*`, and `zod`.
+
+## Previewing markup
+
+This will start a long-running process and print the server URL for the preview.  
+If server is already started, it will print the URL.
+You can visit a specific composition by navigating to `/[composition-id]`, for example `http://localhost:3000/MapAnimation`.
+
+## Optional: one-frame render check
+
+You can render a single frame with the CLI to sanity-check layout, colors, or timing.  
+Skip it for trivial edits, pure refactors, or when you already have enough confidence from Studio or prior renders.
+
+```bash
+npx remotion still [composition-id] --scale=0.25 --frame=30
+```
+
+At 30 fps, `--frame=30` is the one-second mark (`--frame` is zero-based).